Standards Library
Full database of regulations, standards, consultations, meeting notices, recalls, and policy documents.
94 found
Report-for-Approval Draft — Intelligent Connected Vehicles — Combined Driving Assistance System Safety Requirements (Mandatory GB, 2nd public consultation round)
MIIT· L2
Report-for-Approval draft of the mandatory GB standard for L2 combined driving assistance. 2nd public consultation period: 2026-04-16 to 2026-04-22. Covers basic single-lane, basic multi-lane, and navigation combined driving assistance systems. Specifies usage instructions, driver training, driver state monitoring, and mandatory system disabling after repeated hand/eye disengagement events. Proposed enforcement: 2027-01-01 for all new type approvals. First consultation round was 2025-09-17 to 2025-11-15.
Standards Project Meeting Notice — Intelligent Connected Vehicles Safety Events Data Interaction and Management System Technical Specification
SAC/TC114/SC34· L2 / L3 / L4
Notice of April 17, 2026 Beijing meeting to discuss the draft GB/T Technical Specification on ICV Safety Events Data Interaction and Management System. Draft defines 14 event type codes (0x01-0x0E), enterprise-to-national platform reporting architecture, SM2/SM4 cryptographic requirements.
Interpretation — C-NCAP 2027 Appendix Q AEB Extension Scenarios
CATARC Tech· L1 / L2
Official CATARC interpretation of the 9 AEB extension scenarios in C-NCAP 2027 Appendix Q. Explains test rationale, target objects (agricultural three-wheeler, shared bicycles, crouching children), and nighttime VRU scenarios.
C-NCAP 2027 Management Rules (Draft for Comment) — Scenario-Driven Active Safety Paradigm Shift
CATARC· L1 / L2
C-NCAP's triennial revision (2024→2027). Active safety paradigm shift from isolated function checklists to scenario-driven evaluation. Car-to-Car conflict: 6 mandatory + 9 extension scenarios (Appendix Q covers AEB false-activation as extension test). Adds rain/fog simulation, extensive nighttime tests, world-first nighttime two-wheeler scenarios, agricultural three-wheeler, shared bicycles, crouching/toddler pedestrian targets. Explicitly de-duplicates with the upcoming GB AEB mandatory standard (delineates regulatory floor vs assessment ceiling).
California DMV Updated Driverless Deployment Permit Guidance — Post-Cruise Incident Safety Requirements
California DMV· L4
Strengthened safety-case review process following the 2023 Cruise pedestrian dragging incident. Requires real-time incident reporting, mandatory safety officer teleoperation coverage ratios, and enhanced disengagement data format.
Proposed Amendment — Permit Requirements for Heavy-Duty Autonomous Trucks
California DMV· L4
Proposed regulatory amendment to extend California's AV permit regime to heavy-duty autonomous trucks (GVWR > 10,001 lbs). Consultation period open through Q2 2026.
Euro NCAP 2026 Assisted Driving Grading Protocol — Enhanced Driver Monitoring and Take-over
Euro NCAP· L1 / L2
Annual update of Euro NCAP's Assisted Driving Grading (ADG). Increases weight of Driver Monitoring Systems (DMS), adds corner-case scenarios for take-over request timing, penalizes systems that fail to disengage on persistent hand-off-wheel.
SAE J3237 (WIP) — Driving Assessment Metrics for Automated Driving Systems
SAE International· L3 / L4
Recommended practice under development by SAE ORAD committee. Defines a set of safety-related driving assessment (DA) metrics that quantify the driving performance of ADS-operated vehicles. Intended for V&V activities and test methodology documentation.
FMVSS 150 Rulemaking — Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communications Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
NHTSA· L2 / L3 / L4
ANPRM evaluating mandatory V2X communication for new light vehicles in the U.S. Addresses C-V2X adoption path after DSRC spectrum reallocation. Part of National V2X Deployment Plan 2024.
Euro NCAP Roadmap 2030 — Vision Zero through Active & Automated Safety
Euro NCAP· L1 / L2 / L3
Euro NCAP's five-year roadmap (2026-2030) expanding consumer-facing test protocols to cover driver monitoring, L3 readiness, automated emergency steering, Vulnerable Road User (VRU) protection at night, and end-of-lane protection.
WP.29/GRVA 23rd Session Agenda — September 2025
UNECE WP.29· L3 / L4
Agenda for GRVA 23rd session covering UN-R157 amendments (urban environment expansion), new framework for ADS validation, cybersecurity ongoing work. Hosts from Japan, Germany, US, China, Korea.
Analysis — MIIT Draft Standard on Combined Driving Assistance System Safety Requirements (Zhihu)
Zhihu Community· L2
Industry-side detailed analysis of MIIT's 2025-09 draft for combined driving assistance safety requirements. Breaks down the three system classifications, HMI requirements, driver state monitoring thresholds, and compliance challenges for OEMs.
Draft for Comment (1st round) — Intelligent Connected Vehicles — Combined Driving Assistance System Safety Requirements (Mandatory GB)
MIIT· L2
First round of public consultation (2025-09-17 through 2025-11-15) on the mandatory GB standard for L2 combined driving assistance systems. Introduces classification into basic single-lane, basic multi-lane, and navigation combined driving assistance categories. Establishes a "triple safety protection" framework covering product performance, safety requirements, and usage specifications.
Draft GB/T — Intelligent Connected Vehicles — Teleoperation Technical Requirements
SAC/TC114· L4
Draft national standard for teleoperation of ICVs. Specifies latency targets (<200ms), video quality (4K, HDR), operator training, fallback procedures. Aligns with UNECE GRVA work and IEEE P3128.
Draft Secondary Legislation — UK Automated Vehicles Act 2024 Implementation
UK DfT· L3 / L4
DfT consultation on secondary legislation implementing the 2024 AV Act. Defines ASDE application procedures, insurance requirements, in-use enforcement, Automated Passenger Service (APS) framework.
Report to Congress — NHTSA Research and Rulemaking on Automated Driving Systems (July 2025)
NHTSA· L3 / L4
Congressional report outlining NHTSA's ongoing research and regulatory roadmap for ADS: third-generation exemption program for non-traditional ADS-only vehicles, automated driving framework, operational design domain regulations.
Mobility Roadmap 2025 — Updated Targets and Level 4 Deployment Priorities
METI Japan· L4
2025 update of Japan's mobility roadmap. Maintains 100-location target for 2027, clarifies funding mechanisms, introduces a collaboration framework with local municipalities.
Mobility Digital Transformation (DX) Strategy Updated — 2025 Revision
METI Japan· L3 / L4
METI's updated Mobility DX Strategy (first formulated May 2024, revised June 2025). Targets 30% global Software-Defined Vehicle (SDV) market share by 2030 and 2035. Key initiatives — AI-powered automated driving development, public-private SDV platforms, government procurement-led AD early deployment, SDV parts supply chain monitoring, common SDV vehicle requirements.
Notice on Standardized Management of Autonomous Driving Taxi Operations
MoT· L4
MoT directive standardizing Robotaxi operations nationwide. Requires operator licensing, safety officer/teleoperator ratios, incident reporting to MoT Emergency Management Platform.
Draft Presidential Decree — L4 Commercial Service Operation Standards
Korea MOLIT· L4
Draft presidential decree establishing operational standards for L4 commercial services in Korea. Covers teleoperation infrastructure, data recorder (DSSAD) requirements, incident reporting, minimum risk conditions.
ISO 34505:2025 — Road vehicles — Test scenarios for automated driving systems — Scenario evaluation and test case generation
ISO· L3 / L4
Latest addition to the ISO 34502/34503/34504 scenario series. Specifies methodology for evaluating scenarios and generating concrete test cases from logical scenarios. Enables test case derivation from ODD taxonomy (34503) and scenario categorization (34504).
i-VISTA 2025 — NCA (Navigate on City Autopilot) Assessment Protocol
CAERI· L2
First Chinese consumer assessment protocol specifically for urban NoA features. Tests 34 scenarios including unprotected left turns, cyclist interaction, construction zones, emergency vehicles. Huawei HIMA, Xiaomi, NIO, Li Auto, XPeng graded.
Call for Evidence — Revised EU General Safety Regulation (GSR-II) 2028+
European Commission· L2 / L3
Consultation on next-generation EU General Safety Regulation, scheduled post-2028. Considers mandatory L3 safety features, enhanced AEB, pedestrian/cyclist protection refinements, integration with AI Act requirements.
Updated Disengagement Reporting Requirements — Annual filings FY2024-2025
California DMV· L3 / L4
Annual disengagement report covering Dec 2024 - Nov 2025. Waymo, Cruise (partial), Zoox, Apollo, Pony.ai, WeRide, AutoX all reported miles driven, disengagement counts, and categorized causes.
Draft GB — Intelligent Connected Vehicles — Combined Driving Automation Safety Requirements
MIIT· L2
Mandatory GB standard draft covering L2 combined driving automation (NOA, pilot assist). Addresses driver monitoring, lane-change safety envelope, HMI warning sequences, over-the-air update control.
Euro NCAP Roadmap 2026-2030 — Adding Automated Driving assessment
Euro NCAP· L2 / L3
Roadmap expanding from ADAS-focused L2 assessment to Automated Driving Assessment (ADA) for L3 systems. New test scenarios for minimum risk maneuver, fallback behavior, driver takeover.
Beijing HAD Zone 3.0 Plan — Expanding L4 Operations Coverage in 2025
Beijing-HAD· L4
Beijing's Yizhuang HAD Zone 3.0 expands from the original 60 km² core area to 600+ km² city-wide operation. Supports Apollo Go, Pony.ai, WeRide, AutoX commercial Robotaxi services plus autonomous freight from Novauto, Xincheng, and others.
Draft GB — Performance Requirements and Test Methods for Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Passenger Cars) Combined Driving Automation Systems (L2)
SAMR· L2
Draft mandatory GB standard defining performance and test requirements for L2 combined ADAS in passenger cars. Consultation period closed Q1 2025; expected enactment 2026.
Singapore Milestone Testing Framework for Autonomous Vehicles (TR 68)
Singapore LTA· L3 / L4
Singapore's Technical Reference 68 (TR 68) — a phased milestone-based AV testing and deployment framework. Covers sensors, vehicle behavior, cybersecurity, data. Reference for ASEAN countries.
Proposed Amendments to Deployment Regulations for Autonomous Heavy-Duty Vehicles
California DMV· L4
California's proposed framework for permitting autonomous trucks (Class 8) on public roads. Defines testing requirements, insurance thresholds, operational design domain restrictions.
GRVA Task Force on Regulatory Fitness for Automated Driving Systems — Status Report
UNECE WP.29· L3 / L4
GRVA working document reviewing gaps between current UN Regulations and future L4 urban operation needs. Identifies priority areas: teleoperation, MRM handover, data reporting harmonization, validation methods.
ISO 34504:2024 — Road vehicles — Test scenarios for automated driving systems — Scenario categorization
ISO· L3 / L4
Provides hierarchical categorization scheme for ADS test scenarios. Defines functional, logical, concrete scenario abstraction layers. Enables interoperability of scenario libraries across OEMs and test providers.
i-VISTA 2024 Assessment Protocol — Intelligent Connected Vehicle Test & Assessment Index
CAERI· L2
Consumer-facing ICV test protocol by CAERI's i-VISTA center. Adds highway pilot, memory parking, voice-controlled cabin tests to the 2024 edition. Benchmarks against Euro NCAP AD tests.
GB 44497-2024 — Intelligent Connected Vehicles — Data Storage System (DSSAD) Technical Requirements
SAC/TC114· L3 / L4
Mandatory GB standard for DSSAD (Data Storage System for Automated Driving). Mirrors UNECE R157 DSSAD requirements but adapted to Chinese regulatory context. Specifies event triggers, minimum data elements, retention, authentication, and read-out protocols.
EU AI Act (Regulation 2024/1689) — Implications for automotive AI components
European Commission· L2 / L3 / L4
Horizontal AI regulation. AI systems in vehicles (L2+ ADAS, ADS) fall under 'high-risk AI' and must comply with conformity assessment, data governance, human oversight, robustness, cybersecurity requirements.
Notice on Approving First Batch of L3/L4 Pilot Entities (9 Consortia)
MIIT· L3 / L4
Approves first 9 consortia (OEM + city + operator) for the L3/L4 pilot program. Includes BYD-Shenzhen-Pony.ai, NIO-Shanghai-NIO, Changan-Chongqing, BAIC-Beijing, SAIC-Shanghai, Dongfeng-Wuhan, GAC-Guangzhou, Yutong-Zhengzhou, Beijing-Yutong.
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 — Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act)
European Commission· L2 / L3 / L4
EU AI Act establishes risk-based regulatory framework for AI systems. Safety components of automated vehicles classified as high-risk AI systems subject to conformity assessment, data governance, human oversight requirements.
Shanghai Lingang & Jiading ICV Demonstration Zone — L3 Pilot Implementation Details
Shanghai-ICV· L3
Shanghai's implementation rules for the national L3 pilot. Approves SAIC, NIO, IM Motors for L3 highway and urban pilots. Defines insurance, safety supervisor (for early stages), and incident reporting obligations.
Safety Assurance Guidelines for Level 4 Passenger and Goods Transport Services
MLIT Japan· L4
Defines socially acceptable safety levels for Japanese L4 passenger and goods services. Formalizes type approval criteria building on JAMA and JASIC industry input.
Mobility Roadmap 2024 — Japan's National Strategy for L4 Automated Driving Services
METI Japan· L4
Japan's inter-ministerial mobility strategy targeting 50 locations with L4 services by 2025 and 100 by 2027. Specifies funding, type approval pathways, operational coordination between METI and MLIT.
IEEE P2848 — Standard for Verification and Validation of Automated Driving Systems
IEEE SA· L3 / L4
Draft standard defining V&V framework for ADS. Complements IEEE 2846 (safety assumptions) with concrete verification test and validation evidence requirements. Working group chaired by Mobileye and Intel.
UK Automated Vehicles Act 2024
UK CCAV· L3 / L4
Creates Authorised Self-Driving Entity (ASDE) regime. Shifts liability from driver to ASDE for self-driving vehicles. Defines 'user-in-charge' and 'no-user-in-charge' scenarios and establishes safety regulator.
FMVSS 127 — Automatic Emergency Braking Systems for Light Vehicles
NHTSA· L0 / L1 / L2
Final rule mandating AEB with pedestrian detection on all new light vehicles in the US, with aggressive performance requirements (up to 62 mph in vehicle-to-vehicle, 45 mph pedestrian detection at night). Effective September 2029.
Euro NCAP 2026 Vision — New Scoring Weighting for ADAS/AD
Euro NCAP· L1 / L2 / L3
Euro NCAP's 2026 rating scheme increases weighting on 'Safe Driving' (ADAS/AD) from 25% to 30%. Introduces new categories for AD consumer assessment effective 2026 model year onward.
GB/T 44373-2024 — Intelligent Connected Vehicles — Terms and Definitions
SAC/TC114· L0 / L1 / L2 / L3 / L4 / L5
China's foundational national standard for ICV terminology. Defines automated driving levels (aligned with SAE J3016), ADS, ADAS, remote operations, minimum risk maneuver, and other core terms used across all subsequent GB and GB/T ICV standards.
Shanghai Regulations on the Promotion of Pudong New Area for Intelligent Connected Vehicle Innovation Applications
Shanghai-ICV· L4
Pudong-specific regulation enabling driverless ICV operation. Establishes safety officer responsibilities, mandatory insurance requirements, operational domain specifications.
C-NCAP Management Rules (2024 Edition)
CATARC· L0 / L1 / L2
Current C-NCAP edition (in force). Triennial revision from 2021. Expanded active safety (AEB C2C/VRU, ELK curve, LSS), added cabin monitoring (DMS, OMS). Foundation replaced by C-NCAP 2027 which shifts to scenario-driven paradigm.
ISO 34502:2022 — Road vehicles — Test scenarios for automated driving systems — Scenario-based safety evaluation framework
ISO· L3 / L4
Defines a framework for scenario-based safety evaluation of automated driving systems. Specifies risk acceptance criteria, scenario categorization, test coverage methodology.
Notice on Launching Pilot of Access and On-Road Traffic for Intelligent Connected Vehicles (L3/L4)
MIIT· L3 / L4
Joint MIIT/MoT/MPS/MOHURD notice launching the national L3/L4 ICV access and on-road operation pilot. Defines five stages: application, access, pilot operation, assessment, confirmation.
i-VISTA Intelligent Connected Vehicle Assessment System 2023
CAERI· L2 / L3
Chongqing-based consumer assessment scheme for ICVs. Tests AEB, ACC, LKA, TJP (traffic jam pilot), HWP (highway pilot), parking assist. Annual public rankings influence Chinese consumer purchases.
Cruise Recall 23E-0062 — All Robotaxi Fleet due to Post-Crash Response Behavior
NHTSA· L4
Federal recall of 950 Cruise Robotaxis following the October 2023 pedestrian dragging incident in San Francisco. Firmware update changes post-collision behavior to avoid secondary harm. Coupled with CA DMV suspension.
Euro NCAP Assisted Driving Test Protocol v1.2 — Consumer rating for L2 systems
Euro NCAP· L2
Assessment protocol rating L2 ADAS systems on driver engagement, assistance competence, and safety backup. First major scheme to publish consumer-facing ratings of partial automation. Tesla Autopilot, Mercedes ABC, BMW DAP all tested.
Euro NCAP Vision 2030 Roadmap — Assisted & Automated Driving
Euro NCAP· L0 / L1 / L2 / L3
Euro NCAP's long-term roadmap document explaining the progression from 2026 to 2030 protocols. Covers how assisted driving grading, cabin monitoring, and L3 readiness evaluations will evolve.
Beijing ICV Policy Pilot Zone 3.0 — Expansion to 600 km² and Commercial Robotaxi Charging
Beijing-HAD· L4
Third-phase expansion of Beijing's HAD zone to 600 km² including Beijing Daxing Airport access. Permits commercial fare-charging Robotaxi operations for Baidu Apollo, Pony.ai, others.
ISO 34503:2023 — Road vehicles — Test scenarios for automated driving systems — Taxonomy for operational design domain
ISO· L3 / L4
Defines a hierarchical taxonomy for Operational Design Domain (ODD) description. Provides common vocabulary for OEM-regulator-supplier ODD exchange. Pairs with ISO 34502 (evaluation framework) and ISO 34504 (scenario categorization).
KS R ISO 21448 — Adoption of ISO 21448 SOTIF as Korean National Standard
Korea KATS· L2 / L3 / L4
Korean adoption of ISO 21448:2022 as a KS national standard (equivalent-adoption method). Signals regulatory alignment with global SOTIF framework.
SAE J3018 — Safety-Relevant Guidance for On-Road Testing of Prototype Automated Driving Systems
SAE International· L3 / L4
Recommended practice for safety of prototype ADS during on-road testing. Safety driver qualification, test vehicle requirements, incident reporting, ODD management.
UL 4600 Edition 3 — Standard for Safety for the Evaluation of Autonomous Products
UL· L3 / L4 / L5
Edition 3 updates: autonomous trucking coverage, refined Safety Performance Indicators (SPIs), new requirements for post-incident behavior. Goal-based and technology-agnostic standard by Prof. Phil Koopman (CMU) and colleagues.
UN Regulation No. 160 — Event Data Recorder (EDR)
UNECE WP.29· L0 / L1 / L2 / L3
Mandates event data recorder installation and defines minimum data elements captured during collision events. Establishes data retention and retrieval standards for accident reconstruction.
ISO 24089:2023 — Road vehicles — Software update engineering
ISO· L0 / L1 / L2 / L3 / L4 / L5
Defines engineering requirements for vehicle software update systems throughout the product lifecycle. Complements UN-R156 (SUMS). Covers update campaign design, integrity/authenticity verification, rollback, user interaction.
California Autonomous Vehicle Testing and Deployment Regulations (Title 13, Division 1, Chapter 1, Article 3.7)
California DMV· L3 / L4
California's primary AV regulatory framework covering Driverless Testing Permits, Driverless Deployment Permits, and mandatory disengagement/collision reporting. Companies publishing annual disengagement reports.
K-City Autonomous Driving Test Bed — Operation Guidelines
Korea MOLIT· L3 / L4
Operational guidelines for K-City, Korea's flagship autonomous driving test bed near Hwaseong. Covers scenario catalog, test-bed access, data sharing, certification of testing activities.
SAE J3018 — Safety-Relevant Guidance for On-Road Testing of Prototype Automated Driving System-Equipped Vehicles
SAE International· L3 / L4
Safety guidance for on-road testing of prototype ADS vehicles. Covers test driver training, vehicle preparation, incident reporting, and operational design domain verification.
Notice on Strengthening Management of Intelligent Connected Vehicle Product Access, Recall and Network Security
MIIT· L2 / L3 / L4
MIIT policy strengthening ICV type approval. Requires OTA update approval, cybersecurity reporting, safety incident reporting, data security compliance. First comprehensive Chinese regulatory framework for ICV market access.
Guidelines on Promoting Intelligent Connected Vehicle Road Testing and Demonstration Applications
MoT· L3 / L4
MoT guidance on road testing and demonstration applications for ICVs. Covers Robotaxi commercial trials, autonomous bus operations, autonomous freight pilots. Defines safety supervisor requirements.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1426 — Uniform procedures for EU type-approval of ADS
European Commission· L3 / L4
First EU-level framework allowing type approval of L3/L4 ADS through 'innovative vehicle' pathway. Defines required documentation, testing, and reporting obligations.
Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Regulations on Intelligent Connected Vehicles Management
Shenzhen SPC· L3 / L4
First municipal-level comprehensive ICV regulation in China, enabling L3/L4 operation on designated roads in Shenzhen SEZ. Establishes liability framework, data recording requirements, and commercial operation approval process.
UN Regulation No. 157 — Automated Lane Keeping Systems (ALKS), Amendment 01 (speed increase to 130 km/h)
UNECE WP.29· L3
First amendment to UN-R157 expanded ALKS scope from 60 km/h to 130 km/h and added provisions for lane changes. Original R157 (2021) was the first international regulation approving a Level 3 feature for mass production. Germany's Mercedes DRIVE PILOT was first approved under R157.
ISO 21448:2022 — Road vehicles — Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF)
ISO· L1 / L2 / L3 / L4
Final published version of SOTIF standard. Replaces the 2019 PAS. Addresses hazards from functional insufficiencies and reasonably foreseeable misuse that do not originate from E/E system failures — complementary to ISO 26262.
SAE J3016_202104 — Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles
SAE International· L0 / L1 / L2 / L3 / L4 / L5
The canonical SAE Levels of Driving Automation (L0-L5) standard. The April 2021 revision clarifies the distinction between L2 and L3 and refines ODD terminology.
IEEE 2846-2022 — Standard for Assumptions in Safety-Related Models for Automated Driving Systems
IEEE SA· L3 / L4
Defines minimum set of reasonable assumptions and foreseeable scenarios that safety-related models in ADS shall consider. Framework for car-following, adjacent vehicles, intersections, occlusion scenarios with pedestrians and bicyclists.
Road Transport Vehicle Act — Level 4 Service Framework
MLIT Japan· L4
Amended Road Transport Vehicle Act enabling Level 4 services in Japan. Introduces 'specific automated driving' licensing category and prefectural approval process for L4 operators (e.g., Fukui's Eiheiji pilot).
UN Regulation No. 157 Amendment 01 — Extension of ALKS to 130 km/h and lane change
UNECE WP.29· L3
Extends the original UN-R157 scope from 60 km/h to 130 km/h and adds automated lane-change capability. Strengthens Minimum Risk Manoeuvre (MRM) and Driver Availability Recognition System (DARS) requirements.
FMVSS 500-Series Update — Occupant Protection for Vehicles with Automated Driving Systems (No Manual Controls)
NHTSA· L4 / L5
Removes the requirement for traditional manual controls (steering wheel, pedals) to be present for vehicles designed exclusively for ADS operation. Clarifies occupant protection test methods for novel seating arrangements.
Connected & Automated Mobility 2025 — Realising the benefits of self-driving vehicles in the UK
UK CCAV· L3 / L4
UK government policy paper laying out the roadmap for commercial self-driving vehicle deployment by 2025. Preceded the Automated Vehicles Act 2024.
SAE J3131_202203 — Definitions for Terms Related to Automated Driving Systems Reference Architecture
SAE International· L4 / L5
Recommended practice providing a reference functional architecture for on-road ADS. Defines concepts including Remote Assistance (RA), where a remote human operator provides guidance to an ADS-DV without direct vehicle control. Foundation for industry-wide ADS architecture discussion.
UN Regulation No. 159 — Moving Off Information System (MOIS) for Detection of Pedestrians and Cyclists
UNECE WP.29· L0 / L1 / L2
Mandates detection/warning system for pedestrians and cyclists in front of commercial vehicles during low-speed starting. Addresses high fatality rate of vulnerable road users in urban logistics operations.
ISO/SAE 21434:2021 — Road vehicles — Cybersecurity engineering
ISO· L0 / L1 / L2 / L3 / L4 / L5
Defines cybersecurity risk management process throughout the automotive lifecycle — from concept to decommissioning. Process-based (does not specify specific technologies). Paired with UN-R155 for type approval. Covers TARA (Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment).
German Road Traffic Act (StVG) Amendment — Act on Autonomous Driving (Level 4)
BMVI Germany· L4
World's first national-level L4 regulation. Defines Technical Supervisor role (not a driver but remote oversight), authorization for driverless operation in Operational Design Areas (ODA), liability framework. Enables services like MOIA, HOLON, Continental.
Standing General Order 2021-01 — Crash Reporting for Level 2 ADAS and ADS Vehicles
NHTSA· L2 / L3 / L4
Requires manufacturers and operators to report crashes within 1-10 days when an ADS or Level 2 ADAS was engaged within 30 seconds of the crash. Source of NHTSA's public crash data on Tesla Autopilot and Robotaxi incidents.
UN Regulation No. 155 — Cybersecurity and Cybersecurity Management System
UNECE WP.29· L2 / L3 / L4
Establishes mandatory Cybersecurity Management System (CSMS) requirements for type approval of vehicles sold in contracting parties. OEMs must demonstrate cybersecurity processes throughout the vehicle lifecycle (development, production, post-production). Mandatory in EU since July 2022 (new types) and July 2024 (all new vehicles).
UN Regulation No. 156 — Software Update and Software Update Management System
UNECE WP.29· L2 / L3 / L4
Mandates a certified Software Update Management System (SUMS) for vehicle type approval, covering OTA updates. Requires OEMs to document update impacts on homologated functions, ensure update integrity, and provide user notification.
GB 39732-2020 — Motor vehicle event data recorder
SAC/TC114· L0 / L1 / L2 / L3
Mandatory China EDR standard. Defines minimum data elements, trigger conditions, 15-second pre-crash + 5-second post-crash retention. Mandatory for all M1-class passenger cars since 2022-01-01.
UN Regulation No. 156 — Software Update and Software Update Management System
UNECE WP.29· L2 / L3 / L4
Establishes SUMS (Software Update Management System) requirements for type approval. OEMs must maintain integrity and authenticity of updates throughout vehicle lifecycle and keep update records for authorities.
Act on the Promotion and Support for Commercialization of Autonomous Vehicles
Korea MOLIT· L3 / L4
Korea's primary legislation promoting commercialization of autonomous vehicles. Establishes Autonomous Driving Pilot Cities, special districts for L4 testing, and MOLIT-led approval for pilot services.
UL 4600 — Standard for Safety for the Evaluation of Autonomous Products
UL· L4 / L5
The first safety case standard explicitly designed for fully autonomous products. Goal-based rather than prescriptive. Addresses fully autonomous operation without human driver as primary use case. First published 2020; revised periodically.
5GAA C-V2X Use Cases and Service Level Requirements (White Paper)
5GAA· L2 / L3 / L4
Key 5GAA reference document defining C-V2X use cases (cooperative awareness, intersection, VRU, platooning, cooperative maneuvers, teleoperation) with corresponding latency/reliability/throughput requirements. Input to 3GPP C-V2X specs.
UN Regulation No. 152 — Advanced Emergency Braking Systems (AEBS) for M1 and N1 Vehicles
UNECE WP.29· L0 / L1 / L2
Mandates AEB for passenger cars (M1) and light commercial vehicles (N1) in UNECE contracting parties. Covers car-to-car (C2C), car-to-pedestrian (C2P), car-to-cyclist (C2C) scenarios. Speed range expanded through amendments.
ASAM OpenSCENARIO 1.0 — Dynamic Content Description for Driving Scenarios
ASAM· L1 / L2 / L3 / L4 / L5
First industry standard for dynamic content description in driving scenarios. Works together with ASAM OpenDRIVE (static road network) to enable scenario-based ADAS/AD simulation. De-facto global standard for scenario exchange.
ISO 26262:2018 — Road vehicles — Functional Safety (2nd Edition, 12 Parts)
ISO· L0 / L1 / L2 / L3 / L4 / L5
The foundational functional safety standard for automotive E/E systems. 2nd edition (2018) expanded scope to include trucks/buses/motorcycles and added Part 11 (semiconductor) and Part 12 (motorcycles). Defines ASIL A/B/C/D safety integrity levels via HARA.
ASAM OSI (Open Simulation Interface) — Sensor Model Interface Standard
ASAM· L2 / L3 / L4
Protobuf-based interface between sensor models, environment models, and HAD functions in simulation. Enables plug-and-play integration of perception simulators from different vendors. Originated as BMW OSI, transferred to ASAM in 2019.
AUTOSAR Adaptive Platform — POSIX-based SOA for High-Performance Computing ECUs
AUTOSAR· L3 / L4 / L5
AUTOSAR's solution for high-performance ECUs supporting L3+ automated driving. Built on POSIX OS (typically Linux/PikeOS), Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), dynamic binding. Classic Platform handles real-time ECUs (engine, brake), Adaptive handles compute-intensive functions (perception, planning).
VDA ISA / TISAX — Trusted Information Security Assessment Exchange
VDA· L0 / L1 / L2 / L3 / L4 / L5
De-facto info-security assessment standard for automotive supply chain. Based on ISO/IEC 27001 but tailored for automotive needs (prototype protection, data handling for connected vehicles). Managed by ENX Association.
ASAM OpenDRIVE — Road Network Description Standard (latest: 1.8)
ASAM· L1 / L2 / L3 / L4 / L5
XML-based format for logical description of road networks. Includes road geometry, lane topology, signals, objects. Underpins virtually all AD simulation tools and HD map conversion pipelines. Originally released 2006, continuously evolving.